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This page includes links to information about European battles and other military arms details. There are battles from 1571 to WWII, and information about the weapons and devices used in them. The details vary from battle and weapon specifics to a general overview of the impact this battle or weapon had on the outcome of modern Europe. All of the battle and weapons discussed on this page had a significant impact on the development of Europe.

In 1571 the European Christian Holy League formed a fleet of ships to recapture Cyprus from the Turks and drive them back out of the Mediterranean. The European and Ottoman fleets met in the gulf of Patras. This Christians were slightly outnumbered, but after a stunning naval victory for the Holy League under Don John, the Europeans asserted naval dominance in the Mediterranean. This battle marked the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the rise of Europe. This victory helped the venetians continue trade within the Mediterranean and gave morale boost to Christianity.

The Siege of Leningrad was a greatly significant event during WWII. It was a 900 day siege by the Germans of the city of Leningrad, Russia (present day St. Petersburg). The fact that the Russians were able to successfully withstand the Germans for so long, was a very pivotal event that helped to weaken Operation Barbossa (Operation Barbossa was the name for the German offensive in Russia). However, this siege was nevertheless a devastating catastrophe for the citizens of Leningrad. Over 641,000 Russians died in this siege. The majority of them died from hunger and disease. The siege lasted from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944.

The Battle of Stalingrad was an extremely influential one, and most certainly was the turning point of WWII in the European theater. This battle was incredibly bloody, and it was all over a relatively unimportant city. This city's only importance was it's name. Hitler saw that this city was symbolic for the leader of Russia, Stalin. The city was also the last stronghold before the Germans could reach the Russian oil fields. The Germans made a few main mistakes in WWII, and this was one of them. The main strategic flaw that they encountered was that they attacked the city expecting to win quickly, and they were not prepared to fight through the russian winter. The Germans were the dominant force until the very end of the battle when their troops were too starved, frozen, and demoralized to keep going. The battle was an extremely influential Russian victory, and was the turning point in the war.

Submarines started as an unbelievable invention that people refused to accept. As the design progressed, the submersilbes became more and more useful. The man-powered subs allowed for short trips with one shot opportunities. As the power sources improved, the trips lengthened and the subs became much more deadly. Submarines later became a forced to be reckoned with. They were at the center at many wars and ships were now sitting ducks.



Rifles, artillery, machine guns, aircraft ships, submarines, poison gas, tanks, armored cars, grenades and mortars were all used during World War 1. The Americans used the shotgun during the war, which they used to great effect at clearing the enemy trenches of German soldiers. This provoked a horrified reaction from the German government, as wounds from shotgun hits were difficult to treat. As I'm sure you know, the shots spread out and hit the victim in many different places, which would lead to a long and painful death. The Germans called on the use of shotguns in warfare to be banned.

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 * Battle of Lepanto
 * The Siege of Leningrad
 * The Battle of Stalingrad
 * The Evolution of Submarines
 * Advances in Weapons from WW1 to WW2